The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, process water for boiler, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human life, environment, industry, Power Plant, etc.

In Power Plant, it is usually used to analyze boiler steam and water to ensure the water used to generate electricity is clean from impurities which can cause corrosion to any metallic surface, such as in boiler and turbine.

Corrosion and erosion are major concerns in thermal power plants operating on steam. The steam reaching the turbines need to be ultra-pure and hence needs to be monitored for its quality.

A well designed Steam and Water Analysis system (SWAS) can help in monitoring the critical parameters in the steam. These parameters include pH, cation and specific conductivity, silica, sodium, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate. A well designed SWAS must ensure that the sample is representative till the point of analysis.

To achieve this, it is important to take care of the following aspects of the sample: Sample Extraction, Sample Transport, Conditioning, Analysis, Controls.